How short-form video use affects cognitive function and mental health
How TikTok, Reels, and Shorts shape attention, inhibitory control, and overall well-being.
Introduction
Short-form videos have become one of the dominant forms of digital entertainment — from TikTok to YouTube Shorts. As their popularity grows, so does the number of studies exploring their impact on mental health and cognitive performance. A recent systematic review and meta-analysis involving more than 98,000 participants shows that intensive use of apps offering endless video streams may be linked to declines in attention, inhibitory control, and increases in stress and anxiety. At the same time, no association was found with self-esteem or body image, suggesting a more nuanced influence of this type of content.
Key findings
A meta-analysis of 71 studies clearly indicates that higher short-form video use is associated with poorer cognitive performance and weaker mental health.
Cognitive decline
The average effect size was moderate (r = -0.34), with the strongest impact on attention (r = -0.38) and inhibitory control (r = -0.41).
Impact on mental health
Higher SFV use was linked to poorer mental health (r = -0.21), especially increased stress (r = -0.34) and anxiety (r = -0.33).
Consistency of results
Similar correlations were observed across youth and adult populations and across different platforms.
No effect on self-esteem
SFV use was not associated with lower self-esteem or negative body image.
Research gaps
Few studies examined other cognitive domains, such as memory or reasoning — highlighting key directions for future research.
Notes
Additional observations from the review:
- Endless scrolling interfaces may reinforce habitual or compulsive use.
- The increasing role of SFVs in education and public communication may amplify their influence on social behavior and health.
- The impact may vary depending on the type of content consumed.
Warnings
Points to keep in mind when interpreting the findings:
- Most studies were observational, limiting causal interpretation.
- Key areas — such as physical health or long-term effects on brain development — remain underexplored.
Quick facts
Sample size
98,299 participants across 71 studies.
Strongest cognitive effect
Reduced inhibitory control (r = -0.41).
Strongest mental health effect
Increased stress (r = -0.34).
Platforms
TikTok, Douyin, Instagram Reels, YouTube Shorts — consistent findings across platforms.
Final thoughts
Look beyond screen time
What we watch may matter as much as how long we watch — content type could be a key moderating factor.
Digital hygiene matters
Introducing limits, breaks, and more curated content can help reduce the negative effects of heavy scrolling.
A rapidly evolving research field
As SFVs become ubiquitous, understanding their broader health implications will be crucial for public health.